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The Japan Food Chemical Research Foundation
List of Existing Food Additives
Last update：2007/10/15

List of Existing Food Additives

This list of food additives from natural origin is complied and published by the Ministry of Health and Welfare on April 16, 1996.

These additives are listed here in alphabetic order. The number preceding the name of each additive is the sequence number given to the corresponding additive in the original Japanese list.
Effective from September 11, 2007
No.
Name
Note
270
 Absinth extract A substance composed mainly of sesquiterpenes obtained from the whole absinth grass.
12
 a-Acetolactate decarboxylase -
11
 N-Acetylglucosamine -
168
 Acid clay -
169
 Acid phosphatase -
4
 Actinidine -
68
 Activated acid clay -
67
 Active carbon A substance obtained by carbonizing and activating carbon-containing substances.
6
 Acylase -
13
 5'-Adenylic acid -
3
 Agarase -
5
 Agrobacterium succinoglycan A substance composed mainly of succinoglycan obtained from the cultured solution of bacteria belonging to Agrobacteriurn.
19
 L-Alanine -
26
 Alginate lyase -
25
 Alginic acid -
23
 Alkanet colour A substance composed mainly of alkanin obtained from alkanet roots.
94
 Aloe extract A substance composed mainly of polysaccharides obtained from the leaves of KIDACHI-AROE (Aloe arborescens MILL.).
28
 Aloe vera extract A substance composed mainly of polysaccharides obtained from aloe leaves.
27
 Aluminium -
224
 Amino acid-sugar reaction product A substance obtained by heating the mixture of amino acids and monosaccharides.
16
 Aminopeptidase -
17
 alpha-Amylase -
18
 beta-Amylase -
14
 Annatto extract A substance composed mainly of norbixin and bixin obtained from the seed coats of annatto.
29
 Anthocyanase -
21
 Arabino galactan -
22
 L-Arabinose -
24
 L-Arginine -
167
 Artemisia sphaerocephala seed gum A substance composed mainly of polysaccharides obtained from the seed coats of SABAKU-YOMOGI (Artemisia sphaerocephala KRASCH).
7
 Ascorbate oxidase -
8
 L-Asparagine -
9
 L-Aspartic acid -
10
 Aspergillus terreus glycoprotein A substance composed mainly of glycoprotein obtained from the cultured solution of mould belonging to Aspergillus terreus.
1
 Aureobasidium cultured solution A substance composed mainly of beta-1, 3-1, 6-glucan obtained from the cultured solution of yeast belonging to Aureobasidium.
263
 Bacillus natto gum A substance composed mainly of polyglutamic acid obtained from the cultured solution of bacteria belonging to Bacillus natto.
165
 Bamboo grass colour A substance composed mainly of chlorophyll obtained from the leaves of bamboo grass.
366
 Bees wax A substance composed mainly of myricyl palmitate obtained from honeycomb.
292
 Beet red A substance composed mainly of betanin and isobetanin obtained from beet roots.
347
 Bentonite -
332
 Betaine -
154
 Bone carbon black A substance composed mainly of carbon obtained by carbonizing bones.
153
 Bone charcoal A substance composed mainly of carbon powder and calcium phosphate obtained from bovine bones.
311
 Brazilian licorice extract A substance composed mainly of peliandorin obtained from Brazilian licorice roots.
318
 Bromelain -
211
 Buckwheat ash extract A substance obtained by extraction from the ashes of buckwheat stems or leaves.
307
 Butane -
61
 Cacao carbon black A substance composed mainly of carbon obtained from the seed coats of cacao beans.
60
 Cacao colour A substance composed mainly of polymers of anthocyanins obtained from cacao beans.
73
 Caffeine (extract) A substance composed mainly of caffeine obtained from coffee beans or tea leaves.
187
 Calcinated calcium A substance composed mainly of calcium compounds obtained by calcinating sea urchinshells, shells, coral, whey, bones or eggshells.
90
 Candelilla wax A substance composed mainly of hentriacontane obtained from candelilla stems.
166
 Cane wax A substance composed mainly of myricyl palmitate obtained from cane stems.
247
 Capsicum water-soluble extract A substance composed mainly of water-soluble substances obtained by extraction from capsicum fruits.
78
 Caramel I (plain) A substance obtained by heat-treating food-grade carbohydrates including starch hydrolysates, molasses or saccharides, excluding "Caramel II", "Caramel III" and "Caramel IV".
79
 Caramel II (caustic sulfite process) A substance obtained by adding sulfite compounds to, and heat-treating, food-grade carbohydrates including starch-hydrolysates, molasses or saccharides, excluding "Caramel IV".
80
 Caramel III (ammonia process) A substance obtained by adding ammonium compounds to, and heat-treating, food-grade carbohydrates including starch-hydrolysates, molasses or saccharides, excluding "Caramel IV".
81
 Caramel IV (sulfite ammonia process) A substance obtained by adding sulfite compounds and ammonium compounds to, and heat-treating, food-grade carbohydrates including starch-hydrolysates, molasses or saccharides.
84
 Carboxypeptidase -
83
 Carnauba wax A substance composed mainly of ceryl hydroxycerotate obtained from the leaves of carnauba trees.
86
 Carob bean gum A substance obtained by grinding, or dissolving and precipitating the seed albumens of locust beans.
85
 Carob germ colour A substance obtained by grinding the seed germs of locust beans.
74
 Carrageenan A substance composed mainly of i-carrageenan, k-carrageenan and l-carrageenan obtained from the whole algae of IBARA-NORI (Hypneaceae hypnea), KIRINSAI (Solieriacea eucheuma), GINNAN-SOU (Gingartinaceae iridaea), SUGI-NORI (Gingartinaceae gigartina), or TSUNOMATA (Gingartinaceae chondrus).
274
 Carrot carotene A substance composed mainly of carotene obtained from carrot roots.
336
 Carthamus red A substance composed mainly of carthamin obtained from safflower flowers.
337
 Carthamus yellow A substance composed mainly of safflor yellow obtained from safflower flowers.
64
 Cassia gum A substance composed mainly of polysaccharides obtained by grinding the seeds of EBISU-GUSA-MODOKI (Cassia tora LINN.).
66
 Catalase -
70
 Catechin -
208
 Cellulase -
380
 Charcoal A substance obtained by carbonizing bamboo or wood.
228
 Chicle A substance composed mainly of amyrin acetate and polyisoprenes obtained from the secretion of sapodilla trees.
233
 Chilte A substance composed mainly of amyrine acetate and polyisoprenes obtained from the secretion of chilte trees (Chidoscolus elasticus LUNDELL).
387
 Chinese bayberry extract A substance obtained by extraction from the fruits, bark, or leaves of Chinese bayberry.
96
 Chitin -
95
 Chitinase -
98
 Chitosan -
97
 Chitosanase -
132
 Chlorophyll -
131
 Chlorophylline -
248
 Cholesterol A substance composed mainly of cholesterol obtained from fish oil or "lanolin".
130
 Clove extract A substance composed mainly of eugenol obtained from the buds, leaves or flowers of clove.
156
 Cobalt -
152
 Cochineal extract A substance composed mainly of carminic acid obtained from cochineal insects.
265
 Coffee bean extract A substance composed mainly of chlorogenic acid and polyphenols obtained from coffee beans.
155
 Copal resin A substance composed mainly of agathenedicarboxylic acid obtained from the secretion of copal trees.
245
 Copper -
72
 Crayfish colour A substance composed mainly of astaxanthin obtained from crayfish shells or eyes.
115
 Cristobalite -
210
 Crude magnesium chloride (sea water) A substance composed mainly of magnesium chloride obtained by separating potassium chloride and sodium chloride from sea water.
209
 Crude potassium chloride (sea water) A substance composed mainly of potassium chloride obtained by separating sodium chloride from sea water.
71
 Curdlan A substance composed mainly of b-1,3-glucans obtained from the cultured solution of bacteria belonging to Agrobacterium or Alcaligenes.
173
 Cyanocobalamin -
178
 Cyclodextrin -
179
 Cyclodextrin glucanotransferase -
181
 L-Cystine -
184
 5'-Cytidylic acid -
227
 Dammar resin A substance composed mainly of polysaccharides obtained from the secretion of dammar trees.
237
 5'-Deaminase -
238
 Depolymerized natural rubber A substance composed mainly of polyisoprenes obtained by decomposing the secretion of para rubber trees.
241
 Dextran -
240
 Dextranase -
135
 Diatomaceous earth -
249
 Dokudami extract A substance composed mainly of isoquercitrin obtained from the leaves of DOKUDAMI (Hauttuynia cordata THUNB.).
243
 Dunaliella carotene A substance composed mainly of b-carotene obtained from the whole alga of dunaliella.
47
 Elemi resin A substance composed mainly of b-amyrin obtained from the secretion of elemi trees.
46
 Ellagic acid -
148
 Enzymatically decomposed apple extract A substance composed mainly of catechins and chlorogenic acid obtained by enzymatically decomposing apple fruits
149
 Enzymatically decomposed lecithin A substance composed mainly of phosphatidic acid and lysolecithin obtained from vegetable "lecithin" or "yolk lecithin".
162
 Enzymatically decomposed rice bran A substance composed mainly of phytic acid and peptides obtained from dewaxed rice bran.
406
 Enzymatically decomposed rutin A substance composed mainly of isoquercitrin obtained from "rutin (extract)".
147
 Enzymatically hydrolyzed coix extract A substance obtained by enzymatically hydrolyzing the seeds of Job's tears (Coix lachryma-jobi var. ma-yuen STARF).
106
 Enzymatically hydrolyzed guar gum A substance composed mainly of polysaccharides obtained by grinding and hydrolyzing guar seeds.
146
 Enzymatically hydrolyzed licorice extract A substacne composed mainly of glycyrrhetinic acid-3-glucuronide obtained by enzymatically hydrolyzing a "licorice extract".
143
 Enzymatically modified hesperidin A substance obtained by adding glucose to "hesperidin" using cyclodextrin glucosyl transferase.
139
 Enzymatically modified isoquercitrin A substance composed mainly of alpha-glucosylquercetin obtained from "enzymatically decomposed rutin".
145
 Enzymatically modified lecithin A substance composed mainly of phosphatidylglycerol obtained from "vegetable lecithin" or "yolk lecithin".
140
 Enzymatically modified licorice extract A substance composed mainly of a-glucosylglycyrrhizic acids obtained by adding glucose to a "licorice extract" using cyclodextrin glucosyl transferase.
142
 Enzymatically modified naringin A substance composed mainly of a-glucosyinaringin obtained from "naringin".
144
 Enzymatically modified rutin (extract) A substance composed mainly of a-glucosylrutin obtained from "rutin (extract)".
141
 Enzymatically modified tea extract A substance obtained by adding glucose to a "tea extract" using cyclodextrin glucosyl transferase.
199
 Essential oil-removed fennel extract A substance composed mainly of glucosyl sinapiralcohol obtained from fennel seeds.
45
 Esterase -
389
 Eucalyptus leaf extract A substance composed mainly of b-diketones obtained from eucalyptus leaves.
43
 Exomaltotetraohydrolase -
304
 Ferritin -
305
 Ferulic acid -
300
 Ficin -
101
 Fish scale foil A substance obtained by extraction from the epithelium of fish.
320
 Fractionated lecithin A substance composed mainly of sphingomyelin, phosphatidyl inositol, phosphatidyl ethanolamine and phosphatidyl choline obtained from "vegetable lecithin" or "yolk lecithin".
312
 Fructosyl transferase -
306
 Fukuronori extract A substance composed mainly of polysaccharides obtained from FUKURO-NORI (Gloiopeltis furcata POSTEL et RUPR).
298
 Furcellaran A substance composed mainly of polysaccharides obtained from the whole algae of furcellaria (Furcellaria fastigiata HUD).
75
 a-Galactosidase -
76
 b-Galactosidase (Lactase) -
352
 Gallic acid -
348
 Garden balsam extract A substance obtaied from the whole grass of garden balsam.
110
 Gardenia blue A substance obtanined by adding b-glucosidase to the mixture of iridoid glycosides obtained from gardenia fruits and protein-decomposed substances.
111
 Gardenia red A substance obtained by adding b-glucosidase to the mixture of ester-hydrolysates of iridoid glycosides obtained from gardenia fruits and protein-decomposed substances.
112
 Gardenia yellow A substance composed mainly of crocin and crocetin obtained from gardenia fruits.
275
 Garlic extract A substance composed mainly of allylsulfides obtained from garlic bulbs.
65
 Gastric mucin A substance composed mainly of mucopolysaccharides obtained from mammals' gastric mucosae.
176
 Gellan gum A substance composed mainly of polysaccharides obtained from the cultured solution of bacteria belonging to Pseudomonas elodea.
136
 Gentian root extract A substance composed mainly of amarogentin and gentiopicroside obtained from gentian roots or rhizomes (Gentiana lutea LINNE).
186
 Ginger extract A substance composed mainly of shogaol and zingerol obtained from ginger rhizomes.
117
 Glucanase -
118
 Glucoamylase -
119
 Glucosamine -
124
 Glucose isomerase -
125
 Glucose oxidase -
120
 a-Glucosidase -
121
 b-Glucosidase -
122
 a-Glucosyltransferase -
123
 a-Glucosyltransferase-treated stevia A substance composed mainly of a-glucosylsteviosides obtained from a "stevia extract".
126
 Glutaminase -
127
 L-Glutamine -
103
 Gold -
63
 Granite porphyry -
310
 Grape seed extract A substance composed mainly of proanthocyanidins obtained from the seeds of American grapes or grapes
308
 Grape skin colour A substance composed mainly of anthocyanins obtained from the pericarps of American grapes or grapes.
309
 Grape skin-derived substance A substance composed mainly of polyphenols obtained from the pericarps of American grapes or grapes.
128
 Grapefruit seed extract A substance composed mainly of fatty acids and flavonoids obtained from grapefruit seeds.
116
 Green tuff -
107
 Guaiac resin (Guajac resin) A substance composed mainly of guaiaconic acid, guaiaretic acid, and b-resin obtained from the trunks/branches of guaiacum trees.
108
 Guajac resin (extract) A substance composed mainly of a- and b-guaiaconic acids obtained from the secretion of guaiacum trees.
105
 Guar gum A substance composed mainly of polysaccharides obtained from guar seeds, excluding "Enzymatically hydrolyzed guar gum".
20
 Gum Arabic A substance composed mainly of polysaccharides obtained from the secretion of acacia trees.
69
 Gum ghatti A substance composed mainly of polysaccharides obtained from the secretion of ghatti trees (Anogeissus latifolia WALL.).
113
 Gutta hang kang A substance composed mainly of amyrin acetate and polyisoprenes obtained from the secretion of gutta hang kang trees (Palaquium leiocarpum BOERL.).
114
 Gutta percha A substance composed mainly of polyisoprenes obtained from the secretion of gutta percha trees (Palaquiurn gutta BURCK.).
343
 Haematococcus algae colour A substance composed mainly of astaxanthin obtained from the whole alga of haematococcus (Haematococcus C.A.AGARCH).
328
 Hego-ginkgo leaf extract A substance obtained by extraction from the leaves of HEGO (Cyathea fauriei COPEL) and ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba LINNE).
346
 Helium -
345
 Heme iron -
344
 Hemicellulase -
341
 Heptane -
331
 Hesperetin -
330
 Hesperidin -
329
 Hesperidinase -
324
 Hexane -
137
 Higher fatty acid A substance obtained by hydrolyzing animal or vegetable fats/oils or their hardened fats/oils.
295
 Himematsutake extract A substance obtained from the mycelium or fruit body of HIME-MATSUTAKE (Agricus blazei MURR.) or its cultured solution.
291
 L- Histidine
349
 Hokosshi extract A substance composed mainly of bakuchiol obtained from the seeds of HOKOSSHI (Psoralea corylifolia O.KZE.).
200
 Horseradish extract A substance composed mainly of isothiocyanates obtained from horseradish roots.
287
 Hyaluronic acid -
192
 Hydrogen -
293
 L-Hydroxyproline -
36
 Inositol -
35
 Inulinase -
38
 Invertase -
242
 Iron -
31
 Iso-a-bitter acid A substance composed mainly of isohumulones obtained from hop flowers.
30
 Isoamylase -
288
 Isodonis extract A substance composed mainly of enmein obtained from the stems or leaves of HIKI-OKOSHI (Isodon japonicus HARA).
32
 Isomaltodextranase -
33
 Itaconic acid -
185
 Jamaica quassia extract A substance composed mainly of quassin and neoquassin obtained from the trunks/branches or bark of Jamaica quassia trees.
381
 Japan wax A substance composed mainly of glycerol palmitate obtained from the fruits of Japanese wax trees (Rhus succedanea LINNE).
62
 Japanese persimmon colour A substance composed mainly of flavonoids obtained from Japanese persimmon fruits.
44
 Japanese stytax benzoin extract A substance composed mainly of benzoic acid obtained from the secretion of ANSOKU-KO-NO-KI trees (Styrax benzoin DRY.).
177
 Jelutong A substance composed mainly of amyrin acetate and polyisoprenes obtained from the secretion of jelutong trees.
353
 Jojoba wax A substance composed mainly of icosenyl icosenate obtained from jojoba fruits.
151
 Kaoliang colour A substance composed mainly of apigeninidin and luteolinidin obtained from kaoliang seeds.
59
 Kaolin -
82
 Karaya gum A substance composed mainly of polysaccharides obtained from the secretion of KARAYA trees (Sterculia urens ROXB.) or silk cotton trees (Cochlospermum gossypium A.P.DeCandolle).
129
 Kooroo colour [Matsudai colour] A substance obtained by extraction from the roots of SOMEMONO-IMO (Dioscorea matsudai HAYATA).
49
 Krill colour A substance composed mainly of astaxanthin obtained from krill shells or eyes.
394
 Lac colour A substance composed mainly of laccaic acids obtained from the secretion of lac scale insects (Laccifer lacca KERR).
393
 Lactoferrin concentrates A substance composed mainly of lactoferrin obtained from mammals' milk.
392
 Lactoperoxidase -
395
 Lanolin A substance composed mainly of esters of higher alcohols and a-hydroxylic acids obtained from waxy substances bearing the surface of sheep wool.
410
 Leche de vaca A substance composed mainly of esters of amyrin obtained from the secretion of leche de vaca trees (Brosimum utile (H.B.K.) PITT.).
412
 Lemon peel extract A substance composed mainly of geraniol and citral obtained from lemon peels.
414
 L-Leucine -
411
 Levan A substance composed mainly of polysaccharides obtained from the cultured solution of bacteria belonging to Bacillus subtilis.
88
 Licorice extract A substance composed mainly of glycyrrhizic acid obtained from the roots or rhizomes of Chinese licorice, Xinjiang licorice or licorice.
89
 Licorice oli extract A substance composed mainly of flavonoids obtained from the roots or rhizomes of Chinese licorice, Xinjiang licorice or licorice.
15
 Linseed gum A substance composed mainly of polysaccharides obtained from linseeds.
405
 Linter cellulose A substance composed mainly of cellulose obtained from cotton single pilus.
401
 Lipase -
402
 Lipoxygenase -
404
 Liquid paraffin -
415
 Logwood colour A substance composed mainly of haematoxylin obtained from the heart wood of logwood.
399
 L-Lysine -
400
 Lysozyme -
357
 Macrophomopsis gum A substance composed mainly of polysaccharides obtained from the cultured solution of microorganism belonging to Macrophomopsis.
362
 Maltose phosphorylase -
363
 Maltotriohydrolase -
409
 Mannentake extract A substance obtained by extraction from the mycelium or fruit body of MANNENTAKE (Ganoderma lucidum KARST.) or its cultured solution.
361
 Marigold colour A substance composed mainly of xanthophylls obtained from marigold flowers.
360
 Massaranduba balata A substance composed mainly of amyrin acetate and polyisoprenes obtained from the secretion of massaranduba balata trees.
359
 Massaranduba chocolate A substance composed mainly of amyrin acetate and polyisoprenes obtained from the secretion of massaranduba chocolate trees.
358
 Mastic gum A substance composed mainly of masticadienonic acid obtained from the secretion of mastic trees.
375
 Melaleuca oil A substance composed mainly of essential oil obtained from melaleuca leaves.
373
 Menaquinone (extract) A substance composed mainly of menaquinone-4 obtained from the cultured solution of bacteria belonging to Arthrobacter.
372
 Methylthioadenosine A substance composed mainly of 5'-dehydroxy-5'-methylthioadenosine obtained from yeasts belonging to Saccharomyces.
374
 Mevalonic acid -
356
 Microcrystallin wax -
289
 Microcrystalline cellulose A substance composed mainly of crystalline cellulose obtained from pulp.
290
 Microfibrillated cellulose A substance composed mainly of cellulose obtained by microfibrillating pulp or cotton.
191
 Milt protein A substance composed mainly of basic proteins obtained from fish testes.
365
 Mixed tocopherols A substance composed mainly of d-a-, d-b-, d-g- and d-d-tocopherols obtained from vegetable oils.
334
 Monascus colour A substance composed mainly of ankaflavin and monascolubrin obtained from the cultured solution of mould belonging to Monascus.
333
 Monascus yellow A substance composed mainly of xanthomonacins obtained from the cultured solution of mould belonging to Monascus.
386
 Montan wax A substance composed mainly of esters of fatty acids and tetracosyl- triacontanyl alcohol or hexacosyltriacontanyl alcohol obtained from brown coal or lignite.
385
 Morin -
377
 Mousouchiku charcoal extract A substance obtained by extraction from the carbonized stems of MOUSOU-CHIKU bamboo (Phyllostachys heterocycla MITF.).
376
 Mousouchiku dry distillate A substance obtained by dry distillation from the stems of MOUSOU-CHIKU bamboo (Phyllostachys heterocycla MITF.).
378
 Mousouchiku extract A substance composed mainly of 2,6-dimethoxy-l,4-bezoquinone obtained from the stem skins of MOUSOU-CHIKU bamboo (Phyllostachys heterocycla MITF).
133
 Mulberry bark extract A substance composed mainly of stilbene derivatives and flavonoids obtained from the rhizome skins of mulberry.
371
 Muramidase -
77
 Mustard extract A substance composed mainly of allyl isothiocyanate obtained from Indian mustard seeds.
367
 Myrrh A substance obtained by extraction from the secretion of myrrh trees.
267
 Naringin -
266
 Naringinase -
272
 Nickel -
269
 Niger gutta A substance composed mainly of amyrin acetate and polyisoprenes obtained from the secretion of niger gutta trees (Ficus platyphylla DELILE.).
229
 Nitrogen -
364
 Non-calcinated calcium A substance composed mainly of calcium salts obtained by drying shells, pearl layers, coral, bones or eggshells.
271
 Nystose -
273
 Olibanum A substance composed mainly of a- and b-boswellic acids obtained from the secretion of olibanum trees.
52
 Oligo-N-acetylglucosamine -
53
 Oligogalacturonic acid -
54
 Oligoglucosamine -
218
 Onion colour A substance composed mainly of quercetin obtained from onion bulbs.
57
 Orange colour A substance composed mainly of carotene and xanthophylls obtained from the fruits or peels of AMA-DAIDAI (Citrus sinensis OSBECK).
56
 Oregano extract A substance composed mainly of carvacrol and thymol obtained from oregano leaves.
55
 g-Oryzanol A substance composed mainly of both esters consisting of each combination of sterols and ferulic acid, and triterpene alcohols and ferulic acid obtained from rice bran or germ oil.
170
 Oxygen -
50
 Ozokerite -
51
 Ozone -
281
 Paffia extract A substance composed mainly of ecdysteroids and saponins obtained from the roots of paffia (Paffia iresinoides SPRENGEL).
284
 Palladium -
282
 Palm oil carotene A substance composed mainly of carotene obtained from oil palm fruits.
286
 Pancreatin -
280
 Papain -
246
 Paprika colour A substance composed mainly of capsanthins obtained from capsicum fruits.
285
 Paraffin wax -
384
 Peach gum A substance composed mainly of polysaccharides obtained from the secretion of peach trees.
323
 Pecan nut colour A substance composed mainly of flavonoids obtained from the pericarps or astringent skins of pecan nuts.
326
 Pectin -
327
 Pectin digests A substance composed mainly of galacturonic acid obtained from "pectin".
325
 Pectinase -
339
 Pepper extract A substacne composed mainly of feruperines obtained from pepper fruits.
340
 Pepsin -
342
 Peptidase -
182
 Perilla extract A substance composed mainly of terpenoids obtained from perilla seeds or leaves.
283
 Perlite -
278
 Peroxidase -
264
 Petroleum naphtha -
299
 Phaffia colour A substance composed mainly of astaxanthins obtained from the cultured solution of yeast belonging to Phaffia.
100
 Phellodendron bark extract A substance composed mainly of berberine obtained from the bark of phellodendron trees (Phellodendron amurense RUPR.).
350
 Phosphodiesterase -
351
 Phospholipase -
301
 Phytase -
302
 Phytic acid A substance composed mainly of inositol hexaphosphate obtained from rice bran or corn seeds.
303
 Phytin (extract) A substance ccomposed mainly of magnesium inositol hexaphosphate obtained from rice bran or corn seeds.
296
 Pimento extract A substance composed mainly of eugenol and thymol obtained from pimento fruits.
279
 Platinum -
355
 e-Polylysine -
354
 Polyphenol oxidase -
335
 Powdered annatto A substance composed mainly of norbixin and bixin obtained from annatto seeds.
223
 Powdered bile A substance composed mainly of cholic acid and desoxycholic acid obtained from bile.
321
 Powdered cellulose A substance composed mainly of cellulose obtained by decomposing pulp, excluding "Microcrystalline cellulose".
322
 Powdered rice hulls A substance composed mainly of cellulose obtained from rice hulls.
195
 Powdered stevia A substance composed mainly of steviol glycosides obtained by grinding stevia leaves.
319
 L-Proline -
316
 Propane -
317
 Propoils extract A substance composed mainly of flavonoids obtained from honeycomb.
315
 Protease -
164
 Psyllium seed gum A substance composed mainly of polysaccharides obtained from the seed coats of blond psyllium.
314
 Pullulan -
313
 Pullulanase -
369
 Purple corn colour A substance composed mainly of cyanidine-3-glucoside obtained from corn seeds.
368
 Purple sweet potato colour A substance composed mainly of cyanidine acylglucosides and peonidin acylglucosides obtained from the tuberous roots of sweet potatos.
370
 Purple yam colour A substance composed mainly of cyanidine acylglucosides obtained from yam tuberous roots.
268
 Quassia extract A substance composed mainly of quassin obtained from the trunks/branches or bark of NIGAKI trees (Picrasma quassioides BENN.).
109
 Quercetin -
198
 Quicklime -
102
 Quillaia extract (Quillaja extract) A substance composed mainly of saponins obtained from the bark of quillaia trees.
391
 Rakanka extract A substance composed mainly of mogulosides obtained from rakanka fruits (Momordica grosvenori SWINGLE).
99
 Redbark cinchona extract A substance composed mainly of quinidine, quinine and cinchonine obtained from the bark of redbark cinchona trees.
413
 Rennet -
160
 Resin of depolymerized natural rubber A substance composed mainly of diterpenes, triterpenes and tetraterpenes obtained from "rubber".
397
 L-Rhamnose -
396
 Rhamsan gum A substance composed mainly of polysaccharides obtained from the cultured solution of bacteria belonging to Alcaligenes.
403
 D-Ribose -
161
 Rice bran oil extract A substance composed mainly of ferulic acid obtained from rice bran oil.
163
 Rice bran wax A substance composed mainly of myricyl lignocerate obtained from rice bran oil.
34
 Rice straw ash extract A substance obtained from the ashes of rice stems or leaves.
276
 Roasted rice bran extract A substance composed mainly of maltol obtained from roasted rice bran.
277
 Roasted soybean extract A substance composed mainly of maltol obtained from roasted soybean seeds.
418
 Rosemary extract A substance composed mainly of carnosic acid, carnosol and rosemanol obtained from rosemary leaves or flowers.
416
 Rosidinha A substance composed mainly of amyrin acetate and polyisoprenes obtained from the secretion of rosidinha trees (Sideroxylon).
417
 Rosin A substance composed mainly of abietic acid obtained from the secretion of pine trees.
159
 Rubber A substance composed mainly of polyisoprenes obtained from the secretion of Pararubber trees, excluding "Depolymerized natural rubber".
87
 Rumput roman extract A substance composed mainly of capillin obtained from the whole grass of rumput roman.
408
 Ruthenium -
407
 Rutin (extract) A substance composed mainly of rutin obtained from the whole grass of AZUKI (Azukia angularis OHWl), the buds or flowers of Japanese pagoda trees or the whole buckwheat grass.
204
 Sage extract A substance composed mainly of carnosic acid and phenolic diterpenes obtained from salvia leaves.
183
 Sandalwood red A substance composed mainly of santalin obtained from the trunks/branches of red sandalwood trees.
171
 Sandarac resin A substance composed mainly of sandaracopimaric acid obtained from the secretion of sandarac trees.
193
 Sclero gum A substance composed mainly of polysaccharides obtained from the culture solution of microorganism belonging to Sclerotium glucanicum.
58
 Seaweed ash extract A substance composed mainly of potassium iodide obtained from the ashes of brown algae.
206
 Sepiolite -
207
 L-Serine -
157
 Sesame seed oil unsaponified matter A substance composed mainly of sesamolin obtained from sesame seeds.
158
 Sesami straw ash extarct A substance obtained by extraction from the ashes of sesami stems or leaves.
203
 Sesamolin -
205
 Sesbania gum A substance composed mainly of polysaccharides obtained from sesbania seeds.
172
 Shea nut colour A substance obtained from the fruits or seed coats of shea.
174
 Shellac A substance composed mainly of esters of aleuritic acid and shellolic acid or jalaric acid, obtained from the secretion of scale insects.
175
 Shellac wax A substance composed mainly of wax obtained from the secretion of scale insects.
180
 Shikon colour A substance composed mainly of shikonin obtained from the roots of MURASAKI (Lithospermum erythrorhizon SIEBOLD et ZUCCARINI).
104
 Silver -
134
 Smoke flavourings A substance obtained by capturing the gas generated by burning sugar canes, bamboo, corn stalks or wood, or a substance obtained by dry distillation from such materials.
48
 Sodium chloride-decreased brine (saline lake) A substance composed mainly of salts of alkaline metals or alkaline earth metals obtained by separating sodium chloride from saline lake water.
214
 L-Sorbose -
212
 Sorva A substance composed mainly of amyrin acetate and polyisoprenes obtained from the secretion of sorva trees.
213
 Sorvinha A substance composed mainly of amyrin acetate and polyisoprenes obtained from the secretion of sorvinha trees (Couma utilis MUELL.).
215
 Soybean saponin A substance composed mainly of saponins obtained from soybeans.
197
 Sphingolipid A substance composed mainly of sphingosine derivatives obtained from bovine brains or rice bran.
138
 Spice extracts Substances obtained by extraction or steam-distillation from hemp seeds, asafetida, ajowan, anise, angelica, fennel, turmeric, allspice, oregano, orange peel, Chinese pepper, cassia, chamomil, mustard, cardamon, curry leaves, licorice, caraway, gardenia, cumin,cress, clove, poppy seeds, caper, pepper, sesameseeds, coriander, sassafras, saffron, savory, salvia, Japanese pepper, perilla, cinnamon, shallot, juniperberry, ginger, star anise, spearmint, horseradish,celery, sorrel, thyme, onion, tamarind, tarragon, chive, chervil, dill, capsicum, nutmeg, wormwood, nigella, carrot, garlic, basil, parsley, mint, vanilla, paprika, hyssop, fenugreek, peppermint, horsemint, marjoram, MYOGA (Zingiber Mioga ROSC.), lavender, linden, lemongrass, lemonbalm, rose, rosemary, laurel or WASABI (Japanese horseradish), excluding "Turmeric oleoresin", "Oregano extract", "Orange colour", "Mustard extract", "Licorice extract", "Licorice oil extract", "Gardenia yellow", "Clove extract", "Sesame seed oil unsaponified matter", "Perilia extract", "Ginger extract", "Essential oil-removed fennel extract", "Horseradish extract", "Sage extract", "Onion colour", "Tamarind colour", "Tamarind seed gum", "Tannin (extract)", "Paprika colour", "Capsicum water-soluble extract", "Absinth extract", "Carrot carotene", "Garlic extract", "Pepper extract", "Rosemary extract" and "Wasabi extract".
196
 Spirulina colour A substance composed mainly of phycocyanin obtained from the whole alga of spirulina.
194
 Stevia extract A substance composed mainly of steviol glycosides obtained by extraction from stevia leaves.
294
 Sunflower seed extract A substance composed mainly of isochlorogenic acid and chlorogenic acid obtained from sunflower seeds.
37
 Sweet potato carotene A substance composed mainly of carotene obtained from the tuberous roots of sweet potatos.
222
 Talc -
219
 Tamarind colour A substance composed mainly of fiavonoids obtained from tamarind seeds.
220
 Tamarind seed gum A substance composed mainly of polysaccharides obtained tamarind seeds.
225
 Tannase -
226
 Tannin (extract) A substance composed mainly of tannin and tannic acid obtained from Japanese persimmon fruits, chestnut astringent skins, Japanese gall, tamarind seed coats, angelica powder, nutgall or silver wattle bark.
221
 Tara gum A substance composed mainly of polysaccharides obtained from the seeds of tara trees (Caesalpinia spinosa (MOL.)(O.KUNTZE)).
217
 Taurine (extract) A substance composed mainly of taurine obtained from the viscera or meat of fish or mammals.
230
 Tea dry distillate A substance obtained by dry distillation from tea leaves.
232
 Tea extract A substance composed mainly of catechins obtained from tea leaves.
231
 Tea seed saponin A substance composed mainly of saponins obtained from tea seeds.
216
 Thaumatin A substance composed mainly of thaumatin obtained from the seeds of Thaumatococcus daniellii.
239
 Theobromine -
236
 Thujaplicin (extract) A substance composed mainly of thujaplicins obtained from the trunks/branches or roots of HIBA trees (Thujopsis dolabrate SIEB. et ZUCC.).
382
 Timber ash A substance obtained by ashing bamboo or wood.
383
 Timber ash extract A substance obtained by extraction from "timber ashes".
251
 d-a-Tocopherol -
252
 d-g-Tocopherol -
253
 d-d-Tocopherol -
250
 Tocotrienol -
254
 Tomato colour A substance composed mainly of lycopene obtained from tomato fruits.
262
 Tororoaoi A substance composed mainly of polysaccharides obtained from the roots of TORORO-AOI (Abelmoschus manihot MED.).
244
 Tourmaline -
255
 Tragacanth gum A substance composed mainly of polysaccharides obtained from the secretion of tragacanth trees.
256
 Transglucosidase -
257
 Transglutaminase -
260
 Trehalose -
261
 Trehalose phosphorylase -
258
 Triacylglycerol lipase -
259
 Trypsin -
235
 Tunu A substance composed mainly of amyrine acetate and polyisoprenes obtained from the secretion of tunu trees (Castilla fallax COOK).
40
 Turmeric oleoresin [Curcumin] A substance composed mainly of curcumin obtained from turmeric rhizomes.
234
 L-Tyrosine -
42
 Urease -
41
 Urushi wax A substance composed mainly of glycerol palmitate obtained from the fruits of Japanese lacquer trees (Rhus verniciflua STOKES).
189
 Vegetable carbon black A substace composed mainly of carbon obtained by carbonizing plants.
190
 Vegetable lecithin A substance composed mainly of lecithin obtained from rape seeds or soybeans.
388
 Vegetable oil soot colour A substance composed mainly of carbon obtained by burning vegetable oils.
188
 Vegetable sterol A substance composed mainly of phytosterols obtained from oil seeds.
338
 Venezuelan chicle A substacne composed mainly of amyrin acetate and polyisoprenes obtained from the secretion of Venezuelan chicle trees.
297
 Vermiculite -
419
 Wasabi extract A substance composed mainly of isothiocyanate obtained from the rhizomes or leaves of WASABI (Wasabia japonica MATSUM.)
39
 Welan gum A substance composed mainly of polysaccharides obtained from the cultured solution of bacteria belonging to Alcaligenes.
379
 Wood chip A substance obtained by grinding the trunk/branches of Siberian filbert or BUNA (Fagus crenata BLUME).
91
 Xanthan gum A substance composed mainly of polysaccharides obtained from the cultured solution of bacteria belonging to Xanthomonas.
92
 Xylanase -
93
 D-Xylose -
150
 Yeast cell wal A substance composed mainly of polysaccharides obtained from the cell walls of yeast belonging to Saccharomyces.
398
 Yolk lecithin A substance composed mainly of lecithin obtained from egg yolk.
390
 Yucca foam extract A substance composed mainly of saponins obtained from the whole grass of yucca joshua (Yucca arborescenss TREL.) or yucca schidigera (Yucca schidigera ROEZL ex ORLGIES).
201
 Zein A substance composed mainly of vegetable proteins obtained from corn seeds.
202
 Zeolite -
Note: The additives listed in No.1 to No.451 do not include substances obtained by causing chemical reactions, excluding decomposition to elements or compounds using chemical means.